Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt

The WHO provides a standard 10-step protocol for the management of severe malnutrition, which is a vital inclusion for any medical PPT: Treat/prevent hypoglycemia. Treat/prevent hypothermia. Treat/prevent dehydration. Correct electrolyte imbalance. Treat/prevent infection. Correct micronutrient deficiencies. Start cautious feeding. Achieve catch-up growth. Provide sensory stimulation and emotional support. Prepare for follow-up after recovery. Prevention Strategies

PEM typically presents in two distinct clinical forms, which are often the "stars" of any presentation on the topic:

Severe total body potassium and magnesium depletion, despite normal or low serum values. 6. Management Guidelines (The WHO 10-Step Protocol)

The presentation of PEM encompasses a broad spectrum of clinical severity, ranging from subclinical nutrient deficiencies to severe, life-threatening somatic wasting. Key Terminology Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt

| Feature | Marasmus (Non-edematous PEM) | Kwashiorkor (Edematous PEM) | | --- | --- | --- | | | Chronic total calorie deficiency | Acute protein deficiency (often with adequate calories) | | Age | Usually under 1 year | Usually older toddler (18-24 months) | | Appearance | “Old man’s face” – severe wasting | Moon face, puffy, swollen belly | | Edema | Absent | Present (pedal, periorbital) | | Skin changes | Dry, thin, wrinkled | Dermatosis (“flaky paint” or mosaic skin) | | Hair changes | Sparse, thin | Dyspigmentation (flag sign), brittle | | Appetite | Often ravenous | Usually poor or absent | | Fatty liver | Absent | Common | | Serum albumin | Normal or mildly low | Very low |

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Treat life-threatening issues like hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and dehydration. The WHO provides a standard 10-step protocol for

This article provides a comprehensive overview designed for educational purposes, suitable for creating a . 1. Introduction to PEM (PPT Slide 1-2)

Careful introduction of nutrients to avoid refeeding syndrome.

"Flaky paint" dermatosis or hyperpigmentation. Correct electrolyte imbalance

This public link is valid for 7 days and shares a thread, including any personal information you added. This link or copies made by others cannot be deleted. If you share with third parties, their policies apply. Can’t copy the link right now. Try again later. Kwashiorkor: Definition, Symptoms, Causes & Diagnosis

When carbohydrates are suddenly reintroduced, the body shifts back to carbohydrate metabolism, causing a massive surge in .

Comprehensive Guide to Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a severe form of malnutrition caused by a lack of dietary protein and calories. It remains a major public health crisis in developing countries, primarily affecting infants and young children. This comprehensive overview is structured to serve as an authoritative reference, ideal for clinical presentations, medical lectures, or educational slide decks. 1. What is Protein-Energy Malnutrition?

PEM develops through two distinct pathways: primary (inadequate dietary intake) and secondary (increased demand, poor absorption, or nutrient loss). Pathophysiological Adaptation

Atrophy of the intestinal mucosa leading to malabsorption and chronic diarrhea.